Obstructive Sleep Apnea – Part 1

Development of an index of orthodontic treatment needs in pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea: protocol for a new communication tool between physicians and orthodontists

Mostafa Altalibi 1 Humam Saltaji 1 Mary Roduta Roberts 2 Michael P. Major 3 Joanna MacLean 4 Paul W. Major 5‍ ‍

Abstract

Introduction

Sleep-related breathing disorders in children can manifest as a variety of systemic symptoms. These include distinct malocclusion and a specific craniofacial phenotype. Recent research suggests that treating this malocclusion and/or craniofacial phenotype with orthodontic intervention may help improve symptoms in these patients.

However, identifying patients who are candidates for orthodontic treatment can be challenging for clinicians with limited training in dentistry. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a simple index for healthcare professionals to identify pediatric patients with orthodontic treatment needs who are likely to experience improvement in their symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods and Analysis

The methodology for this project was developed in accordance with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendations for the development of an index, with adjustments made to reflect the specific needs of this study.

Based on data from the scientific literature, a preliminary version of the index will be created and then subjected to several rounds of iterative revision based on feedback from:

  • the Index Development Group, composed of internationally recognized multidisciplinary experts;

  • the External Review Group, composed of potential users and stakeholders;

  • the Steering Committee.

Once the index has been finalized, it will undergo two reliability tests involving physicians and orthodontists, conducted two weeks apart. The index will then be validated by comparing the scores obtained with the orthodontists’ dichotomous decisions (whether or not to treat a patient for OSA symptoms) for the same patient.

Importance

This index will enable physicians and other healthcare professionals to identify craniofacial phenotypes that may benefit from orthodontic treatment as part of a multidisciplinary approach to managing AOS.

Furthermore, given the wide-ranging health effects of sleep deprivation, a trend toward the centralization of sleep apnea services is expected. The goal will be to enable highly qualified multidisciplinary teams to treat a large number of patients using standardized protocols, with rigorous documentation.

This index is part of this documentation process. In particular, it will enable:

  • quality assurance;

  • the allocation of resources and funding;

  • the conduct of epidemiological studies;

  • long-term monitoring and audits, facilitating comparisons with other centers.

Ethics and Dissemination

The index will be translated into French and presented at conferences, workshops, seminars, and roundtables in the fields of orthodontics and medicine. Free copies will also be available for download on the website of the University of Alberta Interdisciplinary Airway Research Clinic (iarc.ualberta.ca).

In addition, the index will be published in a peer-reviewed medical journal to increase its visibility.

Keywords: Health services administration and management; pediatrics

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Cleft Lip and Palate and Other Syndromes – Part 3